History test format
Inference: Remember you just have to talk about the major and minor details of the source do not use CK. remember we need more than 2 inferences
Reliability: Remember to first use source evidence, then use contextual knowledge, then it's prupose if it's a picture, (limited in reliability, biased but pls do not use the word) and include the audience to get full marks
Essay: First para state reasons second para explain first reason third para explain second reason. Make sure you read below for enough knowledge to have strong reasons, not weak. and link!!! last para indentify which one is most important which one not so. The main one.
First of all, we need to know about the causes of World War I
1. Weltpolitik ( a.k.a German expansion/ Colonial Rivalry )
-Germany's aim to become a world power and should have overseas colonies like what Britain had, which was Australia, many parts of asia.
-Kaiser Wilhelm adopted this aggresive foreign policy
-Made clear to Europe it's expansionism ambitions
-Other European powers saw it as an increasing threat
-Talk about moroccan crisis-
-Germany already had colonies in south and central africa
-Wanted control over the north
-Britain saw it as a large threat, and threats to their colonies. Germany in MorocanCrisis intervened in what was considered a French sphere of influence, demonstrated how far the Kaiser was willing to go to gain new territories
___-Therefore/Hence led the rest of the Western powers to regard germany as an aggressive power, thereby driving them to direct their forces at Germany, eventually leading in war.
Another cause for war was the
- Arms Race ( can also be considered as land and navy(Anglo-german naval race))
-The existence of large armies was threat to peace
-Based on the rationale that the best defence against any hostile power was to have a strong enough army to repel any invasion.
-1900-1914, European powers increased the size of their armies and reserves, doubled their spending, almost every major power had an army of conscripts.
[-France increased their forces in 1914 had an army of nearly 4 million
[-Russia passed a series of military reforms to strengthen its army and spent a fortune on [Military railways to transport Russia troops to fight Germany
[-Such an increase in the arms race contributed to the outbreak of world war 1, as it increased [tension and had a snowball effect, when one power increased strength, others wild follow suit.
-(EXTRA INFO: France(3.5 million) and russia's army(4.4 million) including reserves was almost as big as Germany's (8.5 million) itself, made Germany worry as they were considered to have the biggest and best army. Russia's army including reserves was the fastest growing army of the lot)
-Hence, the arms race on land is a cause since countries, in their efforts to keep up each other's armed strength, became militarily ready. This made war likely since each power was confident of being able of defending or defeating the other.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Anglo-German Naval race (a.k.a Arms race on navies)(a.k.a Anglo-German relations)
-Britain had the best and most powerful navy in Europe, which ruled the seas without any challenge
-Kaiser Wilhelm II announced his intention to build a strong navy which he called the High Seas Fleet.
(if question is why is germany responsible for war, Germany decision to compete with Britain for naval supremacy leading to Anglo-German naval race that soured relations)
-Britain felt threatened, Germany's navy was very much smaller than Britain's but the Britain's navy was spread all over the world, portecting the British Empire. Germany did not have much of an empire(refering to overseas la), no reason for a big navy, felt they wanted to challenge Britain
-In 1906, Britain raised the stakes in the naval race by launching HMS Dreadnought, the first of a new class of warships (predominant type of 20th century warships)
-Germany responded by building its own "Dreadnoughts", the Nassau Class to the "all-big-gun" British Dreadnoughts.
-there was a race between Germany and Britain to build the most Dreadnoughts, the naval race was well and truly on and both Britain and Germany spent millions on their new ships.
ANSWER 1 -Hence, Anglo German Naval Race was a cause for war since, when more navies kept on increasing in size and power, countries was have the confidence to fight in the seas, victorious, this made war likely. too
OR OR OR OR OR
ANSWER 2 -Hence, Anglo German Naval Race was a factor to prove that Germany was not a friend of Britain because...
Another reason for war was
3. Schlieffen Plan
- Allowed Germany to avoid a war on both the western and eastern fronts.
- Before it, Germany was hesitant to declare war, could not fight Russia and France at the same time
- It was therefore designed to get Germany out of this predicament and ensure a quick victory.
- it was simple but risky, Germany would attack through Belgium, for Alsace-Lorraine was heavily fortified with French Plan 17, and to Paris, to defeat France in six weeks,
then turn their forces to Russia which they thought Russia to be slow to mobilise and prepare their troops for war.
-Hence, the Schlieffen Plan caused WWI, since in being an offensive strategy based on launching an attack on France and Russia, the plan was set in motion the armies of the most powerful Western powers making a world war inevitable/
4.Balkan Crisis
- Russia and Austria wanted control over the Balkan aread as it gave them access to the Meditaranean.
-In 1908, Austria took over the provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina
-Russia and Serbia protested, but backed down when Austria received the backing of Germany.
-With this, Austria felt too confident, encouraged it to make more trouble with '' ''.
-Russia in 1909 resented being faced down, quickened its arms and was determine to not back down again.
-1912-13, was a series of local wars, Serbia emerged as one of the most powerful country in the Balkans.
-Austria-worried, Serbia had gone too strong and had to be dealt with, and it was a close ally for Russia. Austria in 1914 had to come up with an excuse to crush Serbia.
-Chance came with the Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary
-Austria gave them a 10-point ultimatum when Serbia refused, Austria declared war on Serbia.
-Hence, Balkan crisis caused WWI, since when Austria declared war on Serbia, it would bring in all the other western powers, they were bound by their respective alliances to defend their allies.
----------------------------------------------------------------
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
1.Territorial
-Major blow to German pride, and to its economy
-Germany lost all it's overseas colonies in Africa, in the Pacific and the Middle East
-Lost the following
-Eupen-Maldemy to Belgium
-Northern Schleswig to Denmark
-Upper Silesia only be given a part
-West Prussia to Poland even though it contained many Germans
-Saar, an important industrial area to League of Nations
-Alsace-Lorraine returned to France
-While Germany was losing land, France and Britain were increasing their empires, expanding their empires and taking up other colonies and territory like German, Turkish, African and Middle East.
2.Military
- reduced to 100000 men, size cannot be increased thru conscriptions and all soldiers had to be volunteers.
-Navy-15000 men, 6 battleships and some smaller ships
-No submarines, tanks or airplanes
-Rhineland was demilitarized, no german troops were allowed into this area next tot the French border
-allies were to keep an army of occupation on the west bank of the Rhine for 15 years.
-The rest of Europe did not disarm to taht extent that germany has been made to, the size of 100000 not adequate to defend a country of Germany's size thereby making her vulnerable.
3. Economic
-Germany was made to pay reparations that is compensation for the war damage she had caused. Huge amount-pounds 6600 million which would take her 50 years to compensate, even if she did so in installations. All profits from Saar which were once hers made from coal production would go the France for 5 years.
-Germany believed it was too severe, she was already economically unstable. She was basically stripped off the financail means to recover. Moreover, such a large sum was over and above the damage she inflicted. She felt it was vengeful, other countries were taking revenge on her, meant to cripple her economically
No comments:
Post a Comment